La sinistra:italiana una commedia in tre atti.

L’entrata nella seconda Repubblica è stata scandita dalla marcia trionfale della sinistra in predicato di vincere le elezioni politiche. I risultati elettorali più gratificanti della sinistra sono stati la traballante vittoria del 1996 e le non vittorie (sostanziali pareggi) del 2006 e del 2013, al contrario erano certe nelle previsioni e nei fatti le vittorie berlusconiane del 2001 e del 2008

Validation of the AJCC prognostic stage for HER2-positive breast cancer in the ShortHER trial .

BACKGROUND: The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging has introduced prognostic stage based on anatomic stage combined with biologic factors. We aimed to validate the prognostic stage in HER2-positive breast cancer patients enrolled in the ShortHER trial. METHODS: The ShortHER trial randomized 1253 HER2-positive patients to 9 weeks or 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy. Patients were classified according to the anatomic and the prognostic stage. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) was calculated from randomization to distant relapse or death. RESULTS: A total of 1244 patients were included. Compared to anatomic stage, the prognostic stage downstaged 41.6% (n\u2009=\u2009517) of patients to a more favorable stage category. Five-year DDFS based on anatomic stage was as follows: IA 96.6%, IB 94.1%, IIA 92.4%, IIB 87.3%, IIIA 81.3%, IIIC 70.5% (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Five-year DDFS according to prognostic stage was as follows: IA 95.7%, IB 91.4%, IIA 86.9%, IIB 85.0%, IIIA 77.6%, IIIC 67.7% (P\u2009<\u20090.001). The C index was similar (0.69209 and 0.69249, P\u2009=\u20090.975). Within anatomic stage I, the outcome was similar for patients treated with 9 weeks or 1 year trastuzumab (5-year DDFS 96.2% and 96.6%, P\u2009=\u20090.856). Within prognostic stage I, the outcome was numerically worse for patients treated with 9\u2009weeks trastuzumab (5-year DDFS 93.7% and 96.3%, P\u2009=\u20090.080). CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic stage downstaged 41.6% of patients, while maintaining a similar prognostic performance as the anatomic stage. The prognostic stage is valuable in counseling patients and may serve as reference for a clinical trial design. Our data do not support prognostic stage as guidance to de-escalate treatment

β1-integrins signaling and mammary tumor progression in transgenic mouse models: implications for human breast cancer

Consistent with their essential role in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, integrins and their associated signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and survival, processes required in both tumorigenesis and metastasis. β1-integrins represent the predominantly expressed integrins in mammary epithelial cells and have been proven crucial for mammary gland development and differentiation. Here we provide an overview of the studies that have used transgenic mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis to establish β1-integrin as a critical mediator of breast cancer progression and thereby as a potential therapeutic target for the development of new anticancer strategies

LA TOMOGRAFIA VOLUMETRICA IN ORTODONZIA

LA TOMOGRAFIA VOLUMETRICA IN ORTODONZI

Assessment of lower lip changes following incisor displacement in 92 orthodontically-treated adults.

Aim: A retrospective assessment of the lower lip changes conse- quent to incisor displacement in correction of malocclusion in a sample of 92 post-adolescent subjects. Methods: The study sample comprised two groups, subdivided according to the direction of incisor movement achieved during orthodontic treatment: the retraction group (Group 1), made up of 41 patients in which the maxillary incisor had been moved in a palatal direction (palatal tipping); and the protraction group (Group 2), composed of 51 patients who had undergone labial movement of the upper incisors (labial tipping). In order to evaluate the mean changes in lower lip position, and consequent alterations in the quality of the patients’ profiles, between T1 (prior to orthodontic displacement of the incisors) and T2 (fol- lowing treatment), the following parameters were measured on lateral head film X rays: variation in lower lip vermilion thick- ness (dLVT); variation in lower lip sulcus depth (dLLSD); variation in lower vermilion height (dLVH); variation in expo- sure of the upper and lower incisors in relation to the lower stomion (dIs-STOi and dIi-STOi, respectively); variation in upper and lower incisor tipping with respect to the palatal plane (d1/PP and dinf1/PP); and variation in lower facial height (dLFH)

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Anterior dental alignment and smile: perception and sensations in a sample of 8- to 10-year-old children and their parents.

To describe the perception and sensations that dental alignment and smile determine in a sample of 180 children aged between 8 and 10 years, to assess whether there is a general trend in the classification of smiles, and to understand the influence of background attractiveness and sexual traits on the judgment of smile in the sample of children and 150 parents. METHODS: We employed visual media showing a smile in four different arrangements (ideal incisal occlusion [N], median diastema [D], incisal crowding [A], and protruding incisors [P), in both a dynamic and static way, with and without background attractiveness. RESULTS: Trends were found among responses to the four classes of videos and photographs: The boy's smile gained a higher score than the girl's smile. In both the boy and girl presentations, there was an important preference to the following sequence of smiles: N, D, A, and P. Furthermore, the girl photographs showed no relevant difference between A and D. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there are no different perceptions and sensations due to the variation of dental alignment. There is a general trend in the classification of smiles according to dental alignment. Background attractiveness and sexual traits influenced the judgment of smile